Subject file THE WORLD OF WORK: Next Generation Technologies

Automation, Digitalization and Robotics 

Ex. 1: Before watching the video, make sure you know what the following concepts mean. Match them with a suitable definition from the list below:

1. machine learning
2. computer vision
3. AI (artificial intelligence)
4. deep-learning algorithms
5. sensor fusion

a) ___: a subfield of machine learning concerned with algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the brain

b) ___: the study and development of computer systems that can copy intelligent human behaviour

c) ___: the aggregation of data from multiple sensors to gain a more accurate picture of the sensors' subject or environment

d) ___: a type of artificial intelligence in which computers use huge amounts of data to learn how to do tasks rather than being programmed to do them

e) ___: a field of artificial intelligence (AI) enabling computers to derive information from images, videos and other inputs

KEY: Ex. 1:   a) 4; b) 1; c) 5; d) 3; e) 1:

Ex. 2: “Introducing Amazon Go and the world’s most advanced shopping technology” 

Ex. 3: Reading comprehension “Amazon opens a supermarket with no checkouts”

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42769096

Ex. 4: Watch the video on the British online retailer Ocado and its fully automated warehouses.

Ex. 5: How are next generation technologies changing the retail industry?

Next-generation technologies are fundamentally reshaping the retail industry by enhancing customer experiences, optimizing operations, and driving new business models. Key areas of transformation include personalized customer experiences, workforce automation, and the integration of AI and automation into various retail processes. By embracing these next-generation technologies, retailers can create more engaging customer experiences, optimize their operations, and drive growth in a rapidly evolving retail landscape. 

Personalized Customer Experiences:

AI and Machine Learning: Retailers are leveraging AI to analyze customer data, understand preferences, and deliver tailored product recommendations, personalized promotions, and targeted marketing campaigns. 

Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) technologies enable virtual try-ons, allowing customers to visualize products like clothing or furniture in their own space, enhancing the online shopping experience. 

Smart Shelves and Inventory Management: Smart shelves equipped with sensors and RFID technology provide real-time data on product availability, pricing, and customer behavior, improving inventory management and enabling dynamic pricing strategies. 

Personalized Interactions: Biometric recognition and AI-powered systems can personalize in-store experiences by recognizing shoppers and adapting product displays, pricing, and service accordingly. 

Workforce Automation:

Wearable Technology: Retailers are using wearable devices like ring scanners and RFID-enabled tools to streamline inventory management, improve product location, and optimize stock management. 

Voice Recognition Technology: Voice-activated systems can assist with tasks like product lookup, order fulfillment, and customer service, improving efficiency and freeing up staff for customer interaction. 

Automated Warehouses: Robots and drones are increasingly used in warehouses for sorting, packing, and shipping products, accelerating order fulfillment and delivery times. 

AI and Automation in Operations:

AI-powered Chatbots: AI-powered chatbots are replacing traditional customer service call centers, providing instant support, answering queries, and offering product recommendations. 

Optimized Store Layouts: AI algorithms can analyze shopping patterns to optimize store layouts and product placements, improving the overall shopping experience and boosting sales. 

Supply Chain Optimization: AI and automation are transforming supply chain management, enabling retailers to predict demand, optimize inventory levels, and streamline logistics. 

Predictive Analytics: Retailers can use predictive analytics to forecast demand, manage inventory effectively, and prevent stockouts, ensuring product availability and minimizing waste. 

Unified Commerce Platforms:

Integration of Sales Channels: Retailers are adopting unified commerce platforms that integrate online, mobile, and in-store touchpoints, providing a seamless omnichannel experience for customers.

Data-Driven Decision Making: These platforms enable retailers to collect and analyze data from all channels, providing valuable insights for making informed business decisions. 

Ex. 6: Discuss the consequences of automation based on the information contained in the charts.[1]

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[1] https://skillspanorama.cedefop.europa.eu/en/blog/machines-robots-and-threat-automation-eu-jobs

Subject File FOOD and NUTRITION: Children and Food

Children and food: challenges and opportunities

A balanced diet and healthy eating habits are essential for children's overall well-being. By providing a variety of nutritious foods, creating a positive mealtime environment, and setting a good example, parents and caregivers can help children develop healthy eating habits that will benefit them throughout their lives. 

Childhood obesity is a serious issue due to its immediate and long-term health consequences, including increased risk of chronic diseases, psychological and social problems, and higher healthcare costs. Obese children are more likely to become obese adults, who face a higher risk of developing heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. 

Health Problems:

• Increased risk of chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and fatty liver disease)
• Respiratory issues (asthma, sleep apnoea)
• Joint problems (pain, potential long-term mobility issues) 
• Cardiovascular problems (heart disease, stroke) 

Psychological and Social Issues:

• Low self-esteem and body image issues: Obese children may experience negative self-perception, teasing, and bullying, leading to social isolation. 
• Depression and anxiety: Mental health problems are more prevalent among children with obesity. 
• Reduced quality of life: Obesity can affect a child's overall well-being, including their ability to participate in activities and their social interactions. 

Long-Term Consequences:

Children who are obese are more likely to remain obese as adults, perpetuating the cycle of health problems. Obese individuals often require more medical care, leading to increased healthcare costs. Obesity-related diseases contribute to a higher risk of premature death. 

Contributing Factors:

• Unhealthy diet: Excessive consumption of sugary drinks, processed foods, and large portion sizes contribute to weight gain. 
• Lack of physical activity: Sedentary lifestyles, increased screen time, and limited opportunities for physical activity contribute to obesity. 
• Environmental factors: Factors like food availability, marketing of unhealthy foods, and access to safe places for physical activity can also play a role. 

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/childhood-obesity-applying-all-our-health/childhood-obesity-applying-all-our-health